Bibliography

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Africa

• De Villers, Marq and Hirtle, Shelia, Into Africa, A Journey through Ancient Empires,  Key Porter Books Limited, Toronto, Ontario, 1997. ISBN 1-55013-884-7.
• Deetz, James. Flowerdew Hundred, The Archaeology of a Virginia Plantation, 1619-1864. University Press of Virginia, 1993.
• Hashaw, Tim, The Birth of Black America, the First African Americans and the Pursuit of Freedom at Jamestown. Published by Carroll and Graf Publishers, New York, New York, in 2007. ISBN-13: 978-0-78671-781-7.
• McManus, Edgar J., Black Bondage in the North, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York, 2001..ISBN 0-8156-2893-5.
• Morgan, Edmund S., American Slavery American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia, W.W. Norton and Company, New York, New York, 1975. ISBN 0-393-05554-X.
• Phillips, Jonathan, Holy Warriors: A Modern History of the Crusades, Random House, New York, New York, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4000-6580-6.
• Shillington, Kevin, History of Africa, Macmillan Publishers, Oxford, Malaysia, ISBN 0-333-59957-8.
• Sluiter, Engel, New Light on the “20 and Odd” Africans Arriving in Virginia in 1619, William and Mary Quarterly, 3^rd Series, Volume 54, No. 2, April 1997.
• Thomas, Hugh, The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440-1870, Simon and Schuster, New York, New York, 1997. ISBN 0-684-81063-8. 
• Thornton, John, The African Experience of the “20 and Odd” Africans Arriving in Virginia in 1619,  William and Mary Quarterly College Quarterly – Historical Magazine, 3^rd Series, Volume 55, No.3, Williamsburg, Virginia, July 1998.
• Tolan, John; Veinstein, Gilles; and Laurens, Henry, Europe and the Islamic World, A History, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2013. ISBN 978-0-691-14705.
• Van Reybrouck, David, Congo: The Epic History of a People, Harper Collins Publishers, New York, New York, 2014.
• Wallenfeldt, Jeff (ed), Africa to America: From the Middle Passage Through the 1930s, Britannica Educational Publishing, New York, New York, 2011. ISBN 978-1-61530-126-3.
• Wertenbaker, Thomas J., Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676, Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1957.